Articles

To date, collective redress has been regulated differently among EU-Member States. In particular, a uniform and efficient enforcement of collective consumer interests has hardly been possible within the EU. The Directive (EU) 2020/1828 on “representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers” (“Representative Actions Directive“), which is part of the EU-commissions’ so-called … Continued...

Wolf Theiss’ employment law practice advising in Poland has seen a marked increase in redundancies and reorganisations, most notably in the manufacturing and automotive sectors. This trend has been accompanied by a rise in internal investigations, following the introduction of whistleblower protection regulations on 25 September 2024 and the rollout of internal reporting channels. These … Continued...

Despite a string of high-profile fire tragedies over the past two decades, from industrial sites to public venues, Romania continues to struggle with fire safety compliance. Each incident exposes not only persistent gaps in regulatory enforcement, but also ignorance and, in some cases, naivety among market participants. Because the market is not always fully transparent … Continued...

European context and strategic implications As Europe recalibrates its security architecture, military procurement has become a strategic policy lever. The White Paper for European Defence – Readiness 2030 envisions mobilising up to EUR 800 billion to reinforce Europe’s defence industrial base, while placing clear responsibility on Member States to build national capabilities, including through joint … Continued...

This article examines the possibility of challenging Zonal Urban Plans (PUZ) in administrative litigation in light of Decision No. 12/2021 of the Romanian High Court of Cassation and Justice, which classified PUZs as normative administrative acts. It analyses the legal implications of the legislative amendment introduced by Law No. 151/2019, which expressly established a five-year … Continued...

In a rapidly evolving global landscape, regulatory expectations are becoming increasingly complex. While transitional periods may offer a degree of flexibility, the pace of regulatory change demands continuous attention from market players and dedicated resources to maintain compliance and achieve long-term operational resilience. The regulation of crypto-assets is a particularly dynamic area, where new rules … Continued...

Telemedizin ist spätestens seit der COVID-19-Pandemie fixer Bestandteil des österreichischen Gesundheitswesens. Einheitliche klare Rahmenbedingungen gibt es jedoch bislang nach wie vor nicht – weder im berufsrechtlichen noch im kassenrechtlichen Sinn. Seit dem Jahr 2024 ist es vielen gesundheitlichen Berufsträgern explizit erlaubt, unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen Patienten ohne physischen Kontakt zu behandeln. Aber nicht alle Gesundheitsberufsgruppen profitieren … Continued...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) screening divergence in Europe is likely to remain a key hurdle for cross-border M&A, despite efforts aimed at introducing a minimum level of harmonisation of national screening laws across the EU and ensuring procedural improvements to the EU cooperation mechanism. Our quick reference guide is designed for investors and advisors entering … Continued...

In 2022, the Parliament of Ukraine passed legislation introducing an alternative method for recording and holding shares in limited liability companies (LLCs) and additional liability companies (ALCs). This development allows LLC and ALC shareholders (participants) to transfer recording of their shares from the State Register of Legal Entities, Private Entrepreneurs and Civic Associations (“State Register“) … Continued...

In-Depth: Consumer Finance Law is a nation-by-nation survey of the most significant laws and regulations shaping consumer financial services. This comprehensive guide highlights the latest key developments in the sector, covering key topics such as payments, deposits, revolving credit and instalment credit arrangements. With consumer choice in financial products and services expanding rapidly across global … Continued...

In recent years, environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations have become a core element of corporate strategy across the European Union (EU). Integrating ESG obligations is no longer simply a regulatory necessity for companies but also an opportunity for sustainable growth and innovation. Effective 1 January 2025, in addition to public-interest entities, large enterprises will … Continued...

Factoring has emerged as an essential financial solution for businesses in Hungary, offering a fast and flexible way to maintain cash flow and bridge liquidity gaps, especially for those with extended payment terms in sectors like agriculture, manufacturing and logistics. However, navigating Hungary’s complex regulatory landscape can pose challenges for companies seeking to use factoring … Continued...